Abstract. This paper presents the design philosophy of activity-based computing (ABC), which addresses mobility and cooperation in human work activities. Furthermore, it presents the ABC Framework, which is a ubiquitous computing infrastructure supporting activity-based computing. The idea of activity-based computing and the aim of the ABC framework is to: (i) support human activity by managing its collection of work tasks on a computer, (ii) support mobility by porting activities across heterogeneous computing environments, (iii) support asynchronous collaboration by allowing several people to participate in an activity, and (iv) support synchronous, real-time collaboration by enabling ’desktop conferencing’by sharing the activity across several clients. During a period of two years our framework has been co-designed and evaluated in close cooperation with a range of clinicians in a hospital.