Autostereoscopic displays are an emerging technology which provide 3D viewing experiences without the need of glasses or other encumbering viewing aids. In this paper we explore their potential in ophthalmologic studies. While the vast majority of applications of autostereoscopic displays in other fields is merely based on producing 3D viewing effects, we can distinguish between several classes of ophthalmologic tasks in which autostereoscopic displays play a very different role. Three concrete applications are described. With the steady improvements in autostereoscopic displays we expect to develop qualitatively new ophthalmologic tests in future.