We identify two distinct themes in social science modelling. One, more specific, approach is that of social simulation which addresses how behaviour of many actors can lead to emergent effects. We argue that this approach, while useful as a tool in social science policy development, is fundamentally constrained due to the fact that its models are developed within the society they are supposed to model. Alternatively, the second theme looks to take a more holistic view by taking inspiration from systems sociology. This approach looks to build societies from the bottom up and may allow us to generate new perspectives in social theory.