We show how a special decomposition of a set of two or three general projection matrices, called canonic enables us to build geometric descriptions for a system of cameras which are invariant with respect to a given group of transformations. These representations are minimal and capture completely the properties of each level of description considered: Euclidean in the context of calibration,and in the context ofstructure frommotion,which we distinguish clearly, a ne, and projective, that we also relate to each other. In the last case, a new decomposition of the well-known fundamental matrix is obtained. Dependencies, which appear when three or more views are available, are studied in the context of the canonic decomposition, and new composition formulas are established. The theory is illustrated by examples with real images. Keywords 3D vision, perspective projection, invariants, motion, self-calibration The Californian Department of Transportation is acknowledged for support through...