The Information Technology (IT) governance arrangements refer to the patterns of authority for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management. During the last 20 years, three primary modes of IT governance have become prevalent: centralized, decentralized, and the federal mode. These modes vary in the extent to which corporate Information System (IS), divisional IS, and line management is vested with authority for the key IT activities. In order to ensure integrity in information systems, reducing redundancy of information in organizations, managing of information security and IT services, and standardizing of software producing, a suitable framework for organizations is needed. No business, it seems, is immune to some form of IT attack, fraud or bad planning, whether from malicious external hackers, inexperienced managers or from dissatisfying employee, at the other side improving interorganization information and communications requir...
Fatemeh NasserEslami, Mehdi Fasanghari, H. R. Khod