In this paper we examine 1) the scope of geo-ontologies used especially for the purposes of information retrieval on the Web, 2) the core geographical concepts and their mutual relations, and 3) the properties the concepts have. Furthermore, we present the Finnish geo-ontology (Suomalainen paikkaontologia, SUO) and discuss the theories and principles that have governed the development process, as well as the limitations and requirements the use of geographical dictionaries as an instance data source have imposed to the content and the structure of SUO. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.1 [Formal Definitions and Theory]: Semantics; H.3.3 [Content Analysis and Indexing]: Dictionaries General Terms Theory, Experimentation Keywords Geo-ontology, Place, Region, Hierarchy