We claim that existing specification languages for tree based grammars fail to adequately support identifier managment. We then show that XMG (eXtensible MetaGrammar) provides a sophisticated treatment of identifiers which is effective in supporting a linguist-friendly grammar design. 1 Specifying tree-based grammars Whilst the development of standard unificationbased grammars is well supported by the design of formalisms such as PATR-II, Ale or TDL (Krieger and Schafer, 1994), the situation is less well established for Tree-Based Grammars such as Tree Adjoining Grammars (Joshi and Schabes, 1997), Tree Description Grammars (Kallmeyer, 1996) or Interaction Grammars (Perrier, 2003). Roughly, two main types of specification formalism for Tree-Based Grammars can be distinguished: formalisms based on tree fragments and non monotonic inheritance and formalisms based on tree descriptions and monotonic inheritance. The tree fragment approach is advocated in (Evans et al., 1995) which proposes...