Studies about geographical information systems (GIS) use contribute to geographic information science through critical evaluation of the concepts embedded in GIS tools. Social-behavioural studies about group use of GIS help us to understand the social implications of GIS because groups are fundamental units underlying intra-organizational, organization-wide, and inter-organizational activity in society. When group communication technology is integrated with basic GIS capabilities an enhanced version of GIS called `participatory GIS' (PGIS) is created. Group use of PGIS technology can be studied by sampling social-behavioural events during human
Timothy L. Nyerges, Piotr Jankowski, Christina H.