This paper investigates the stability of neutral delay-differential systems with mixed multiple time-varying delay arguments. Based on the Lyapunov functional method, and the relationship between the system states and the derivatives of these states, we present a new asymptotical stability criterion and a new robust stability criterion in terms of only one simple linear matrix inequality (LMI), which guarantees stability for such systems with time-varying delays. This LMI can be easily solved by various convex optimization algorithms. Two examples are given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed methods over the existing ones. © 2006 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.