Petroleum industry production systems are highly automatized. In this industry, all functions (e.g., planning, scheduling and maintenance) are automated and in order to remain competitive researchers attempt to design an adaptive control system which optimizes the process, but also able to adapt to rapidly evolving demands at a fixed cost. In this paper, we present a multi-agent approach for the dynamic task scheduling in petroleum industry production system. Agents simultaneously insure effective production scheduling and the continuous improvement of the solution quality by means of reinforcement learning, using the SARSA algorithm. Reinforcement learning allows the agents to adapt, learning the best behaviors for their various roles without reducing the performance or reactivity. To demonstrate the innovation of our approach, we include a computer simulation of our model and the results of experimentation applying our model to an Algerian petroleum refinery.