On the energy-efficiency of speculative hardware

Microprocessor trends are moving towards wider architectures and more aggressive speculation. With the increasing transistor budgets, energy consumption has become a critical design constraint. To address this problem, several researchers have proposed and evaluated energy-efficient variants of speculation mechanisms. However, such hardware is typically evaluated in isolation and its impact on the energy consumption of the rest of the processor, for example, due to wrong-path executions, is ignored. Moreover, the available metrics that would provide a thorough evaluation of an architectural optimization employ somewhat complicated formulas with hard-to-measure parameters. In this paper, we introduce a simple method to accurately compare the energy-efficiency of speculative architectures. Our metric is based on runtime analysis of the entire processor chip and thus captures the energy consumption due to the positive as well as the negative activities that arise from the speculation act...

• Type: Conference
• Year: 2005
• Where: CF
• Authors: Nana B. Sam, Martin Burtscher
• Keywords: Aggressive Speculation, Applied Computing, CF 2005, Energy Consumption, Speculation Mechanisms