Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are playing an increasingly important role in a broad spectrum of applications in health, industry, education, and entertainment. We present a novel, mobile and non-invasive BCI for advanced robot control that is based on a brain imaging method known as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This BCI is based on the concept of “automated autonomous intention execution” (AutInEx), that is, the automated execution of possibly very complex actions and action sequences intended by a human through an autonomous robot. Categories and Subject Descriptors I.2.9 [Artificial Intelligence]: Robotics—operator interfaces General Terms Algorithms, Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement Keywords Robotics, Brain-Computer Interface, fNIRS