Abstract. In this paper we present a new approach for studying aggregations in the context of database query languages. Starting from a broad de nition of aggregate function, we address our investigation from two di erent perspectives. We rst propose a declarative notion of uniform aggregate function that refers to a family of scalar functions uniformly constructed over a vocabulary of basic operators by a bounded Turing Machine. This notion yields an e ective tool to study the e ect of the embedding of a class of built-in aggregate functions in a query language. All the aggregate functions most used in practice are included in this classi cation. We then present an operational notion of aggregate function, by considering a high-order folding constructor, based on structural recursion, devoted to compute numeric aggregations over complex values. We show that numeric folding over a given vocabulary is sometimes not able to compute, by itself, the whole class of uniform aggregate functio...