Game Over: Black to Play and Draw in Checkers

In 1989, an effort to solve the game of checkers began. It was naïve because of the daunting size of the search space, 5×1020 positions, and because of computer capabilities of the time. Nevertheless the work continued, with the final calculation completing in 2007. The result? Perfect play by both sides leads to a draw. Checkers is the largest popular game that has been solved to date.

• Type: Journal
• Year: 2007
• Where: ICGA
• Authors: Jonathan Schaeffer
• Keywords: Checkers, Final Calculation, ICGA 1997, ICGA 2007, Search Space