This paper describes an agent-based evolutionary computing technique called GRAEL (Grammar Evolution), that is able to perform different natural language grammar optimization and induction tasks. Two different instantiations of the GRAELenvironment are described in this paper: in GRAEL1 large annotated corpora are used to bootstrap grammatical structure in a society of agents, who engage in a series of communicative attempts, during which they redistribute grammatical information to reflect useful statistics for the task of parsing. In GRAEL-2, agents are allowed to mutate grammatical information, effectively implementing grammar rule discovery in a practical context. A combination of both GRAEL-1 and GRAEL-2 can be shown to provide an interesting all-round optimization for corpus-induced grammars.