Based on a revision of the common task understanding in model-based approaches a formal meta model is proposed which allows more expressive task descriptions. A task is considered as a meta action which produces models about situations, goals and actions by applying domain knowledge. The approach unifies procedural and state knowledge. As a consequence, higher-order actions are possible. The suggested approach is an answer to the need for more dynamic task models. It supports specifications of context sensitive and cooperative tasks. 0 Prolog Anne, Stefan and Peter have to solve the quadratic equations on the blackboard: a) 2x2 − 8x + 8 = 0 b) (x − 2)2 − 4 = 0 c) x5 = 17 Here are their answers. Anne: The only quadratic equations are a) and b). In a) there is exactly one solution: x=2, but x=4 and x=0 are both solutions in b). Stefan: I have no idea how to solve the problems. Peter: b) and c) are not quadratic equations. Until now I’ve found out x=2 to be a solution in a). Pet...