Motivation: Most previous approaches to model biochemical networks havefocusedeither on the characterization of a networkstructurewith a number of components or on the estimation of kinetic parameters of a network with a relatively small number of components. For systemlevel understanding, however, we should examine both the interactions among the components and the dynamic behaviors of the components. A key obstacle to this simultaneous identification of the structureand parameters is the lack of data comparedwith the relatively large number of parameters to be estimated. Hence, there are many plausible networks for the given data, but most of them are not likely to exist in the real system. Results: We propose a new representation named S-trees for both the structural and dynamical modeling of a biochemical network within a unified scheme. We further present S-tree based genetic programming to identify the structure of a biochemical network and to estimate the corresponding paramete...