f spaces of signs (abstract real spectra) developed in [1] [18]. We consider pp (positive primitive) formulas in the language of reduced special groups as in [20]. We denote the pp formula t1 . . . tn P(t1, . . . , tn) by tP(t) for short, where t = (t1, . . . , tn). P(t) is a finite conjunction of atomic formulas. The atomic formulas, by definition, have the form `a(t) D b(t), c(t) ' where each of a(t), b(t), c(t) is some finite product of the t1, . . . , tn times
M. Marshall