One of the biggest challenges facing the Internet today is to scale to an infrastructure that can provide quality-of-service (QoS) to a wide variety of applications and traffic types. As the Internet continues to grow at a rapid pace and new applications emerge, the task of managing bandwidth becomes more important. This implies that the traditional "best-effort" service that is provided by TCP/IP is no longer sufficient in many cases. The concept of QoS has evolved to meet the increasing need for bandwidth management. This paper provides an overview of what QoS iswhyweneedit,andwhatthecurrentapproachesforimplementingitare.Thepaperalsocomparessomeexistingvendorproducts intheQoSspaceandfinallyprovidesinsightsintosomeofthevexing problems that still remain difficult to solve for QoS designers. Key Words. quality-of-service, diffServ, intServ, resource reservation, subnet bandwidth manager, MPLS, policy based management