RSVP–TE is a signaling protocol to setup and teardown lightpaths in wavelength–routed GPMLS networks. RSVP– TE uses the soft–state control mechanism to manage lightpaths. In the soft–state control mechanism, each node sets a timer for each control state and resets the timer with refresh messages to maintain the state. When the timer expires due to losses of refresh messages, the control state is initialized and a reserved resource managed with the state is released. It has been considered that resource utilization of soft–state protocols is inferior to that of hard–state protocols since soft–state protocols may reserve resources until control states are deleted due to timeout. Therefore, some extensions to promote the performance of soft–state protocols, such as message retransmission, have been considered. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of GMPLS RSVP–TE and its variants with a Markov model and analyze the performance of RSVP–TE. From the results, we demo...