In this paper, we review some potential applications of random Vandermonde matrices in the field of signal processing and wireless communications. Using asymptotic results based on the theory of random Vandermonde matrices, we show through several application examples, namely deconvolution, wireless capacity analysis and sampling theory, the research potential of this theory. Quite surprisingly, in nearly all the cases, the asymptotic results turn out to be valid for dimensions which are of interest for the community. The simulations confirm that random matrix theory/free probability theory are once more a unique tool to better understand the behavior of the eigenvalues of matrices.