The New Millennium Remote Agent (NMRA) will be the rst on-board AI system to control an actual spacecraft. The spacecraft domain raises a number of challenges for planning and execution, ranging from extended agency and long-term planning to dynamic recoveries and robust concurrent execution, all in the presence of tight real-time deadlines, changing goals, scarce resource constraints, and a wide variety of possible failures. NMRA is one of the rst systems to integrate closed-loop planning and execution of concurrent temporal plans. It is also the rst autonomous system that will be able to achieve a sustained, multi-stage, multiyear mission without communication or guidance from earth.