This paper focuses on an aspect that is widely neglected in native XML database management systems: support for concurrent transactional access. We analyze the isolation requirements of the XQuery Update language and disclose typical sources of anomalies of various query processing strategies. We also present extensions to our proven XML lock protocol, which allow us to exploit dynamic schema information for query processing and protects us against XML-specific “schema phantoms”. All concepts shown were implemented in our research prototype resulting in a scalable framework for serializable XQuery.