In co-located software development, diagramming practices, such as sketching ideas out with a pen and paper, support the creative process and allow designers to shape, analyze, and communicate their ideas. This study focuses on the diagramming practices used in the design of Open Source Software (OSS), where the norm is highly distributed group work. In OSS, text-based communication (e.g., mailing lists) dominates, and sketching and drawing diagrams collaboratively remains difficult due to the barriers imposed by distance and technology. Previous studies have examined these practices and barriers in the context of individual projects. To understand how contributors across OSS projects use diagrams in design-related activities, we conducted a survey of 230 contributors from 40 different OSS projects, and interviewed eight participants. Our results show that although contributors understand the advantages of using diagrams for design-related activities, diagrams are infrequently used in...