The Swath Segment Selection Problem (SSSP) is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem arising in the context of planning and scheduling satellite operations. It was defined by Muraoka [5] and Knight and Smith [3], who respectively proposed a greedy algorithm, named ASTER, and a branch-and-bound algorithm based on a network flow relaxation. Here we tackle the problem with more advanced mathematical programming tools: using a Lagrangean relaxation, coupled with a Lagrangean heuristic and subgradient optimization, we solve in a reasonable computing time instances with up to 20 000 swath segments within 1% of the optimum. The algorithm also proves experimentally superior to commercial MIP solvers, in computing heuristic solutions and equally effective in estimating upper bounds on the optimum.