act Approach to Process Equivalence Bartek Klin Pawel Soboci´nski BRICS University of Aarhus, Denmark Abstract. A framework of Plotkin and Turi’s, originally aimed at providing an abstract notion of bisimulation, is modified to cover other operational equivalences and preorders. Combined with bialgebraic methods, it yields a technique for the derivation of syntactic formats for transition system specifications which guarantee that various operational preorders are precongruences. The technique is applied to the trace preorder, the completed trace preorder and the failures preorder. In the latter two cases, new syntactic formats guaranteeing precongruence properties are introduced.