In this paper, we consider the security of geographical forwarding (GF) – a class of algorithms widely used in ad hoc and sensor networks. In GF, neighbors exchange their location information, and a node forwards packets to the destination by picking a neighbor that moves the packet closer to the destination. There are a number of attacks that are possible on geographic forwarding. One of the attacks is predicated on misbehaving nodes falsifying their location information. The first contribution of the paper is to propose a location verification algorithm that addresses this problem. The second contribution of the paper is to propose approaches for route authentication and trust-based route selection to defeat attacks on the network. We discuss the proposed approaches in detail, outlining possible attacks and defenses against them. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.2 [Network Protocols]: Routing Protocols; C.2.0 [General]: Security and Protection General Terms Security Keywor...
Nael B. Abu-Ghazaleh, Kyoung-Don Kang, Ke Liu