This paper deals with energy-aware real-time system scheduling using dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for energy-constrained embedded systems that execute variable and unpredictable workloads. The goal is to design DVS schemes to minimize the expected energy consumption of the whole system while meeting the deadlines of the tasks. Researchers have attempted to take advantage of stochastic information about workloads to achieve better energy savings, and accordingly, various stochastic DVS schemes have been proposed. However, the existing stochastic DVS schemes are based on much simplified power models that assume unrestricted continuous frequency, well-defined power/frequency relation, and no speed change overhead. When these schemes are used in practice, they need to be patchedin order to comply with realistic power models. Experiments show that some of such DVS schemes perform even worse than certain non-stochastic DVS schemes. Furthermore, even for stochastic schemes that were shown e...
Ruibin Xu, Rami G. Melhem, Daniel Mossé