This article is not a research paper, but a little note on the history of combinatorics: we present here a tentative short biography of Henri Delannoy, and a survey of his most notable works. This answers the question raised in the title, as these works are related to lattice paths enumeration, to the so-called Delannoy numbers, and were the first general way to solve Ballot-like problems.
Cyril Banderier, Sylviane R. Schwer