Although information retrieval research has always been concerned with improving the effectiveness of search, in some applications, such as information analysis, a more specific ...
Question answering research has only recently started to spread from short factoid questions to more complex ones. One significant challenge is the evaluation: manual evaluation i...
Joanna Mrozinski, Edward W. D. Whittaker, Sadaoki ...
Automatic content scoring for free-text responses has started to emerge as an application of Natural Language Processing in its own right, much like question answering or machine ...
Abstract. In this paper, we present the system "DAWN" (direction anticipation in web navigation) that helps users to navigate through the world wide web. Firstly, the pur...
The Answer Validation Exercise at the Cross Language Evaluation Forum is aimed at developing systems able to decide whether the answer of a Question Answering system is correct or...