We describe a simple improvement to ngram language models where we estimate the distribution over closed-class (function) words separately from the conditional distribution of ope...
Abstract. Classical learning algorithms from the fields of artificial neural networks and machine learning, typically, do not take any costs into account or allow only costs depe...
In recent years, approximation algorithms based on randomized rounding of fractional optimal solutions have been applied to several classes of discrete optimization problems. In t...
Abstract. Many long-lived and distributed systems must remain available yet evolve over time, due to, e.g., bugfixes, feature extensions, or changing user requirements. To facilit...