A large number of problems in production planning and scheduling, location, transportation, finance, and engineering design require that decisions be made in the presence of uncer...
Data mining is a new, important and fast growing database application. Outlier (exception) detection is one kind of data mining, which can be applied in a variety of areas like mon...
Automata models of learning systems introduced in the 1960s were popularized as learning automata (LA) in a survey paper in 1974 [1]. Since then, there have been many fundamental a...
Sensor positioning is a crucial part of many location-dependent applications that utilize wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Current localization approaches can be divided into two ...
In cast-shadow analysis one merely draws a line between each occluder and its associated shadow cast onto a different surface, possibly with wedges indicating precision. In some c...