This paper introduces a metric that measures symmetry in tree graphs, which allows for a statistical characterization of GP solutions by their architectural "shapes." A ...
We present a new conceptual abstraction in symmetry breaking – the GE-tree. The construction and traversal of a GE-tree breaks all symmetries in any constraint satisfaction or si...
Colva M. Roney-Dougal, Ian P. Gent, Tom Kelsey, St...
In this paper the use of graph isomorphism is investigated within the framework of symmetry breaking in constraint satisfaction problems. A running example of Comma-free codes is ...