This paper presents the dynamics of multi-agent reinforcement learning in multiple state problems. We extend previous work that formally modelled the relation between reinforcemen...
Hierarchical reinforcement learning has been proposed as a solution to the problem of scaling up reinforcement learning. The RLTOPs Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning System is an...
We describe a framework and equations used to model and predict the behavior of multi-agent systems (MASs) with learning agents. A difference equation is used for calculating the ...
HEXQ is a reinforcement learning algorithm that discovers hierarchical structure automatically. The generated task hierarchy repthe problem at different levels of abstraction. In ...