Massively multiplayer online computer games are played in complex, persistent virtual worlds. Over time, the landscape of these worlds evolves and changes as players create and pe...
Abstract. Selecting conformations for side-chains is an important subtask in building three-dimensional protein models. Side-chain placement is a difficult problem because of the l...
A variety of hybrid genetic algorithms has been recently proposed to address the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), a problem known to be NP-hard. However, very few...
The topological properties of a network directly impact the flow of information through a system. In evolving populations, the topology of inter-individual interactions affects th...
Salinity is the relative concentration of salts in water. In a city of southern China, the local water supply company pumps water from a nearby river for potable use. During the wi...