Analyzing paper-based election ballots requires finding all marks added to the base ballot. The position, size, shape, rotation and shade of these marks are not known a priori. Sc...
Elisa H. Barney Smith, George Nagy, Daniel P. Lopr...
Optical mark-sense scanning has lead to a resurgence in the use of paper ballots in the United States, despite a century of strong competition from paperless direct-recording votin...
Optical mark sensing, i.e., detecting whether a "bubble" has been filled in, may seem straightforward. However, on US election ballots the shape, intensity, size and pos...
Daniel P. Lopresti, Elisa H. Barney Smith, George ...
We introduce Scantegrity II, a practical enhancement for optical scan voting systems that achieves increased election integrity through the novel use of confirmation codes printed...
David Chaum, Richard Carback, Jeremy Clark, Aleksa...
Optical scan electronic voting machines employ software components that are customized for each specific election. Such software components are critical from a security and integr...
Seda Davtyan, Sotiris Kentros, Aggelos Kiayias, La...