Research into the cognitive aspects of programming originated in the study of professional programmers (whether experts or students). Even “end-user” programmers in previous s...
Interpreting fully natural speech is an important goal for spoken language understanding systems. However, while corpus studies have shown that about 10% of spontaneous utterances...
Abstract—Processing markup in object-oriented languages often requires the programmer to focus on the objects generating the markup rather than the more pertinent domain objects....
In this paper we address the problem of identifying a broad range of term variations in Japanese web search queries, where these variations pose a particularly thorny problem due ...
Early TREC-style Question Answering Systems were characterized by the following features: (a) the answer of the question was known to be included in a given local corpus, (b) the ...