Online payments in business-to-consumer electronic commerce are mainly made with credit cards. Fraud and chargebacks are a significant issue for merchants and payment card brands, ...
The necessary and sufficient conditions are extracted for periodicity of bi-ideals. By the way two proper subclasses of uniformly recurrent words are introduced.
Abstract The transformation protocol can allow two players to share an unconditionally secure secret key using a random deal of cards. A sufficient condition on the number of cards...