A widely agreed upon definition of time series causality inference, established in the seminal 1969 article of Clive Granger (1969), is based on the relative ability of the histor...
We examine the itinerary of 0 ∈ S1 = R/Z under the rotation by α ∈ R\Q. The motivating question is: if we are given only the itinerary of 0 relative to I ⊂ S1 , a finite un...