We give a new characterization of NP: the class NP contains exactly those languages L for which membership proofs (a proof that an input x is in L) can be verified probabilisticall...
An NP search problem is the problems of finding a witness to the given NP predicate, and TFNP is the class of total NP search problems. TFNP contains a number of subclasses conta...
The class PCP(f(n), g(n)) consists of all languages L for which there exists a polynomial-time probabilistic oracle machine that uses O(f(n)) random bits, queries O(g(n)) bits of ...
Most known constructions of probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs) either blow up the proof size by a large polynomial, or have a high (though constant) query complexity. In thi...
We prove that every problem in NP that has a zero-knowledge proof also has a zero-knowledge proof where the prover can be implemented in probabilistic polynomial time given an NP ...