Abstract. Increasing risks of spoof attacks and other common problems of unimodal biometric systems such as intra-class variations, nonuniversality and noisy data necessitate the u...
Syed M. S. Islam, Mohammed Bennamoun, Ajmal S. Mia...
2D intensity images and 3D shape models are both useful for face recognition, but in different ways. While algorithms have long been developed using 2D or 3D data, recently has see...