During the optimization of a constrained problem using evolutionary algorithms (EAs), an individual in the population can be described using three important properties, i.e., obje...
Abstract. The paper describes an evolutionary algorithm for the general nonlinear programming problem using a surrogate model. Surrogate models are used in optimization when model ...
When evolutionary algorithms are used for solving numerical constrained optimization problems, how to deal with the relationship between feasible and infeasible individuals can dir...
Several methods have been proposed for handling nonlinear constraints by evolutionary algorithms for numerical optimization problems; a survey paper [7] provides an overview of var...
In orthodontics, retraction springs made of metallic wires are often used to move a tooth with respect to another by the virtue of the spring back effect. Specially selected form o...