Bounded existential types are a powerful language feature ling partial data abstraction and information hiding. However, existentials do not mingle well with subtyping as found in ...
Abstract. Structural subtyping is popular in research languages, but all mainstream object-oriented languages use nominal subtyping. Since languages with structural subtyping are n...
Abstract Subtyping relations for object-oriented formalisms describe relationships between super- and subclasses which satisfy the substitutability requirement imposed on types and...
Nominal subtyping (or user-defined subtyping) and structural subtyping each have their own strengths and weaknesses. Nominal subtyping allows programmers to explicitly express de...
module is a programming abstraction that simultaneously generalizes -abstractions, records, and mutually recursive definitions. Although various mixin module type systems have bee...