ion of a given partial assignment of values to variables. Compared with other symmetry breaking techniques, the big advantage of dynamic symmetry breaking is that it can accommodat...
The paper introduces value precedence on integer and set sequences. A useful application of the notion is in breaking symmetries of indistinguishable values, an important class of ...
This paper introduces a metric that measures symmetry in tree graphs, which allows for a statistical characterization of GP solutions by their architectural "shapes." A ...
Abstract. Symmetry is a common feature of many combinatorial problems. Unfortunately eliminating all symmetry from a problem is often computationally intractable. This paper argues...
We introduce groupoids – generalisations of groups in which not all pairs of elements may be multiplied, or, equivalently, categories in which all morphisms are invertible – as...
Ian P. Gent, Tom Kelsey, S. A. Linton, J. Pearson,...