Maturana and Varela's notion of autopoiesis has the potential to transform the conceptual foundation of biology as well as the cognitive, behavioral, and brain sciences. In or...
We study the evolution of robustness in digital organisms adapting to a high mutation rate. As genomes adjust to the harsh mutational environment, the mean effect of single mutatio...
We evolved multiple clones of populations of digital organisms to study the effects of chance, history, and adaptation in evolution. We show that clones adapted to a specific envir...
In a traditional cellular automaton (CA) a cell is implemented by a rule table defining its state at the next time step, given its present state and those of its neighbors. The cel...
The DNA of some naturally competent species of bacteria contains a large number of evenly distributed copies of a short sequence. This highly overrepresented sequence is believed t...