Knowledge in knowledge bases have two categories: complete and incomplete. In this paper, through uniformly expressing these two kinds of knowledge, we first address four operator...
Deceptive problems have been considered difficult for ant colony optimization (ACO) and it was believed that ACO will fail to converge to global optima of deceptive problems. Thi...
Feature selection is an important problem for pattern classification systems. Mutual information is a good indicator of relevance between variables, and has been used as a measure...
Preference analysis is a class of important tasks in multi-criteria decision making. The classical rough set theory was generalized to deal with preference analysis by replacing e...
Manifold learning can discover the structure of high dimensional data and provides understanding of multidimensional patterns by preserving the local geometric characteristics. Ho...