In an evolving community consisting of many individuals, it is often the case that the individuals tend, over time, to become more specialized in performing the tasks necessary fo...
nical Abstract Optimization is to find the "best" solution to a problem where the quality of a solution can be measured by a given criterion. Estimation of Distribution A...
Bodies of plants are modularly organized. Development proceeds by adding new modules to open endings with a potential for branching. Each module is autonomous to some extent. Deve...