— We propose a new annealing method for the hyperparameters of several recent Learning Vector Quantization algorithms. We first analyze the relationship between values assigned to the hyperparameters, the on-line learning process, and the structure of the resulting classifier. Motivated by the results we then suggest an annealing method, where each hyperparameter is initially set to a large value and is then slowly decreased during learning. We apply the annealing method to the LVQ 2.1, SLVQ-LR, and RSLVQ methods, and we compare the generalization performance achieved with the new annealing method and with a standard hyperparameter selection using 10-fold cross validation. Benchmark results are provided for the datasets letter and pendigits from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The new selection method provides equally good or - for some data sets - even superior results when compared to standard selection methods. More importantly, however, the number of learning trials for di...