This paper focuses on understanding the scale and the distribution of “state overhead” (briefly load) that is incurred on the routers by various value-added network services, e.g., IP multicast and IP traceback. This understanding is essential to developing appropriate mechanisms and provisioning resources so that the Internet can support such value-added services in an efficient and scalable manner. We mainly consider the number of end-to-end paths or trees intersecting at a router to represent the amount of state overhead at that router. Hence, we analyze the router-level intersection characteristics of end-to-end Internet paths or trees to approximate the state overhead distribution in the Internet. For the reliabilityof our analysis, a representative, end-to-end router-level Internet map is essential. Although several maps are available, they are at best insufficient for our analysis. Therefore, in the first part of our work, we exert a measurement study to obtain a large ...