The vision of semantic interoperability, the fluid sharing of digitalized knowledge, has led much research on ontology/schema mapping/aligning. Although this line of research is fundamental and has brought valuable contributions to this endeavor, it does not represent a solution to the challenge, semantic heterogeneity, since the performance of proposed approaches significantly relies on the degree of uniformity, formalization and sufficiency of data representations but most of today’s independently developed information systems seldom have common knowledge modeling frameworks and their data are often not formally and adequately specified. Consequently, a workable solution usually requires interventions of domain experts. In human society, hierarchically structured standards (or taxonomies) for characterizing complex application processes and objects used in the processes are often used as a common and effective way to achieve some semantic agreements among stakeholders within a dom...
Hung-Ju Chu, Randy Y. C. Chow, Su-Shing Chen, Raja